Author: nvs1
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Pressure Volume Loops
Normal Pressure-Volume Loop A – Mitral Valve Closure B – Aortic Valve Open C – Aortic Valve Closure D – Mitral Valve Open E – Systolic Blood Pressure F – End Diastolic Volume G – End Systolic Volume B is also Diastolic Blood Pressure A -> B: Isovolumetric Contraction C -> D: Isovolumetric Relaxation G…
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Shock Math
Cardiogenic Shock Math Goal values Cardiac index (CI): > 2.2 lpm/m2, Systemic vascular resistance (SVR): 800-1200 dynes/s/cm2, Central venous pressure (CVP): 8-12 mmHg. Fick CI/CO Derivation [math]CI = \frac{VO_2}{C_a-C_v}[/math], Where, [math]C_a and C_v[/math] are derrived from the Oxygen content equation: [math]CO_2 = \frac{1.34mLO_2}{gHb} * Hb * SaO_2 + 0.0031*PaO_2[/math], Hb is in g/dL; to convert…
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Mitral Regurgitation
General Information Global prevalence: > 2% Murmur: high-pitched holosystolic murmur best heard at the apex and radiates to the axilla (Free) Beginner material: Mechanisms of Mitral Regurgitation Figure 1. Mechanisms of MR Figure 1 lists some mechanisms of MR. The simplest way to understand the cause of MR is to differentiate between primary (valvular problem)…
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Antiplatelet Therapy Timeline
Table 1. Antiplatelet drugs, launch date, and associated trials Drug Name Year Launched in the USA Important Trials Aspirin 1897 ISIS-2, GISSI Clopidogrel 1998 CAPRIE, CURE Ticagrelor 2011 PLATO Prasugrel 2009 TRITON-TIMI-38 Cangrelor 2015 CHAMPION trials Table 2. Antiplatelet drugs and pharmacodynamics Aspirin Clopidogrel Prasugrel Ticagrelor Cangrelor Class COX-Inhibitor Thienopyridine Thienopyridine Cyclopentyl-triazolopyrimidine Non-thienopyridine Receptor Binding…
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